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![]() This means that the order of the items is deterministic and repeatable. The order of the dictionaries’ items is scrambled. In Python 2.7, dictionaries are unordered structures. However, this behavior may vary across different Python versions, and it depends on the dictionary’s history of insertions and deletions. In Python 3.6 and beyond, the keys and values of a dictionary are iterated over in the same order in which they were created. There are literally no restrictions for values. On the other hand, values can be of any Python type, whether they are hashable or not. Because the objects need to be hashable, mutable objects can’t be used as dictionary keys. The keys in a dictionary are much like a set, which is a collection of hashable and unique objects. Unlike sequences, which are iterables that support element access using integer indices, dictionaries are indexed by keys. The keys must be of a hashable type, which means that they must have a hash value that never changes during the key’s lifetime.ĭictionaries are frequently used for solving all kinds of programming problems, so they are a fundamental piece of your tool kit as a Python developer.Dictionaries map keys to values and store them in an array or collection. ![]() There are a couple points to keep in mind: The keys can be any object with _hash_() and _eq_() methods. Python’s official documentation defines a dictionary as follows:Īn associative array, where arbitrary keys are mapped to values. Dictionaries have been central to Python from its very beginning. Modules, classes, objects, globals(), locals(): all of these are dictionaries. The language itself is built around dictionaries. Take the Quiz » A Few Words on Dictionariesĭictionaries are a cornerstone of Python. Upon completion you will receive a score so you can track your learning progress over time: Take the Quiz: Test your knowledge with our interactive “Python Dictionary Iteration” quiz.
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